American Colonial Wars (1607-1775)American


Timeline of The People and Events of the American Colonial Wars

1568 – William Brewster was born in 1588, at Scrooby, England. He was a leader of the Plymouth Colony. He did on the Tenth day of April, in 1644, in Duxbury, Massachusetts.

1580 – George Calvert was the first Lord Baltimore. He was Secretary of State, under King James I, of England. He applied to Charles I of England, for a royal charter for the Provence of Maryland.

1580 – John Smith was one of the founders of Jamestown, in 1608. He was a soldier, explorer, colonial governor and author.

1585 – John Cotton clergyman, born in 1585, in England. He was the most influential pastor, in the American Colonies.

1585 – John Rolfe was born in 1585, at Heacham, England. He was an explorer famer and merchant and planter, in the colony of Virginia. He was married to Sarah Hacker in 1608, Pocahontas in 1614 and Jane Pierce in 1619. John Rolfe died in March, of 1622, at Varina Plantation, in the Colony of Virginia.

1586 – Thomas Hooker was born in England, in 1586. He was a prominent colonial leader, who founded the Connecticut Colony.

1588 – In January of 1588, John Winthrop was born, in Edwardstone, England. Leader and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritan Lawyer. He married Margaret Tyndal and had several children. John Winthrop died on the Twenty-sixth day of March, in 1649, in Boston Massachusetts.

1590 – William Bradford was born on the Nineteenth day of March, in 1590, at Austerfield, in England. He was a Puritan Separatist, from West Riding, Yorkshire, England, where he was a weaver by trade. William Bradford and others emigrated to Plymouth Colony on the Mayflower, in 1620. There he became governor of the colony and died on the Ninth day of May, in 1657.

1591 – On the Twentieth day of July, in 1591, Anne Marbury was born in Alford, England. She was a Puritan spiritualist, religious reformer and midwife in Massachusetts. Anne Marbury was married to William Hutchinson. They had several children. She was banished from Massachusetts, for her beliefs. She died on the Twentieth day of August, in 1643. She died in New Netherlands, which is now the State of New York.

1596 – Edmund Freeman was born on the Twenty-fifth day of July, in 1596. He was a founder of Sandwich, Massachusetts and Assistant Governor under Governors William Bradford and Edward Winslow. His first wife was Bennett Hodsoll, and second, he married Elizabeth. They traveled aboard the Abigail.

1603 – Roger Williams was born on the Twenty-first day of December, in 1603, in England. He was a Puritan leader and established the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Roger Williams died in March, of 1683.

1606 – The Company headed for Jamestown, at the Virginia Colony, told Captain Newport to choose a place in Virginia, to hide from the Spanish. They set sail on the Twentieth day of December, in 1606.

1607 – George Percy and Edward-Maria Wingfield were prepared to make observations of Jamestown, Virginia.

1608 – The settlers of Jamestown were ill prepared for the winter and were helped at first by Chief Powhatan.

1609 – The Charter of the Colony of Jamestown Virginia was granted by the British King, in May of 1609.

1609 – John Smith compelled the settlers to work. All they wanted to do was hunt for gold.

1610 – Anglo- Powhatan Wars, on one side the English Colonist. On the other side Powhatan Confederacy. the War ended in 1646, with the Treaty of Middle Plantation.

1610 – Peter Stuyvesant was born in 1610 at Peperga, Netherlands. He was the Dutch Director General of the Colony of New Netherland. New Netherland is now the State of New York. He died in August of 1672, at Manhattan, New York, New York.

1611 – The King granted a new charter, and over the neat few years, Sir Thomas Gates, then Sir Thomas Dales governed the Colony of Virginia with an iron fist.

1612 – Anne Broadstreet was the most prominent of the early English poets of North American colonies.

1614 – Sir Thomas Dale encourages individual enterprise in the Colony of Virginia., in 1614.

1617– New Governor Samuel Argall finds the Colony of Virginia, ” Decayed and Crooked”. He says this in a letter to the Virginia Company, on the Tenth day of March, in 1617.

1617 – John Rolf in a letter to Sir Edwin Sandys finds tobacco, a stable product, on the Eighth day of June, in 1

1618 – The Virginia Company tried and failed to make Virginia profitable. Sir Edwin Sandys became the company treasurer and started some reforms.

1619 – A Dutch man-of-war brought African Labor to the Colony of Virginia.

1619 – On July 30, in 1619, the first legislative assembly in Colonial North America, convened, as Virginia’s House of Burgesses.

1620 – The Pilgrims arrived on the ship the Mayflower and founded Plymouth Colony, in Massachusetts.

1620 – On May, 21, in 1620, the Mayflower Compact was signed by 42 adult men in Provincetown Harbor Massachusetts, which represented the first agreement of self government, in Colonial North America.

1620 – On December 26, 1620, the Pilgrim Separatists land at Plymouth, Massachusetts.

1621 – On December 15, 1621, Massachusetts’ Governor William Bradford forbids game playing on Christmas Day.

1622 – On March, 22, 1622, Native Americans attacked and killed one/third of the settlers, in Virginia.

1624 – On May 1, 1624, at Mare Mount, now Quincy, Massachusetts, Thomas Morton and friends set up a May Pole, enagaed in drinking, dancing and the practice of Madd Bacchinalians. Because of that, Governor William Bradford had Thomas Morton deported to England.

1624 – Captain John Smith published his History on Virginia, which described his rescue by Pocahontas.

1624 – In May, the Dutch established the Colony of New Netherland, now New York State.

1625 – Thomas Tobey was born in England, in 1625, He was a community leader, merchant and statesman. He was married to Martha Knott in 1650 and Hannah Swift in 1691. Thomas Tobey died on the Ninth day of January, in 1714, at Sandwich, Barnstable, in the State of Massachusetts.

1632 – King Charles I, of England Granted Lord Baltimore, territory north of the Potomac River. It became the Colony of Maryland. The royal charter was not restricted to Protestants, so many Catholics settled there.

1634 – On the Fifteenth day of December, the Pequot War began. It ended in 1638. Those at war: The Massachusetts Bay Colony, now the State of Massachusetts. The Plymouth Colony, now part of the State of Massachusetts. The Saybrook Colony, now part of the State of Connecticut. The Connecticut Colony, now the State of Connecticut. The war ended with the Treaty of Hartford, Connecticut. 

1636 – In June, after he was expelled from Massachusetts, Roger Williams founded the Colony of Rhode Island, which became the first colony with complete religious tolerance.

1637 – On November 7, Massachusetts banished Anne Hutchinson, for preaching that faith alone was sufficient for salvation.

1638 – In March, the first Swedish Colonists settled in New Sweden, now the State of Delaware and part of the State of Pennsylvania.

1642 – The Beaver Wars, The Iroquois, English and Dutch Republic on one side. The Native American Tribes of Huron, Erie, Neutral, Odawa, Ojibwe, Mississaugas, Potawatomi, Algonquin, Shawnee, Wenro, Mahican, Innu, Abenaki, Miami, Illinois Confederation and other tribes allied with the French and France on the other side. The wars ended in 1698.

1644 – On the Fourteenth day of October, in 1644, at London, England, William Penn Sr. was a writer, religious thinker and influential Quaker, who founded the Province of Pennsylvania. He was married to Gulieln Maria Spingett, first and second Hannah Callowhill.

1643 – The Kieft’s War, New Netherlands, now New York in one side. The Native American Lenape on the other side. The war ended in 1645.   

1652 – The Anglo Dutch Wars lasted from 1652 to 1674. They were a series of conflicts fought largely at sea over Britain’s power to restrict trade to the colonies. Their impact on the colonies was mostly limited to their shifting ownership of New Netherland.

1654 – On April, 26, in 1654, the last Jewish residents of Recife, Brazil, were given an order of expulsion. Most of these people  went to New Amsterdam, now New York City. 

1655 – The Peach Tree War, New Netherland on one side. The Native American Tribes of Susquehannock and Allied Tribes, on the other side.

1660 – In May, of 1660, Massachusetts outlawed the celebration of Christmas.

1660 – December 1, Parliament adopted the First Navigation Act, which required all goods to and from England, to be on English ship, also the colonies export cotton, ginger, sugar, tobacco and wool exclusively to England. Other Navigation Acts, followed in 1662, 1663, 1670 and 1673.

1661 – In September, Governor John Endicott ordered an end to the persecution of Quakers in Massachusetts, where 3 Quakers had been executed.

1663 – Cotton Mather was a New England Clergymen, a minister in the Congregationalist Old North Meeting House.

1664 – On September 7, 1664 the Dutch surrender New Netherland, to the English, who rename the colony, New York.

1669 – John Locke drafts the Fundamental Constitutions, for the Carolinas, which combines a feudal order with a stress on religious toleration.

1675 – On December 15, King Phillip’s War began. It ended in 1676.

1676 – On September 19, Jamestown, Virginia was burned during Bacon’s Rebellion. Declining tobacco prices, a cattle epidemic and belief that the colonies governor failed to protect Virginia against Indian attacks, led to the rebellion. The rebellion petered out, after Nathaniel Bacon died, in October of 1676.

 

1681 – On March 4, 1681, Charles II granted William Penn William Penn a charter, to Pennsylvania. He was a wealthy Quaker, received a large tract of land, which became the Colony of Pennsylvania. To populate the Colony of Pennsylvania, William Penn recruited immigrants, who were Quakers, Mennonites, Amish, Moravians and Baptists.

1682 – Mary Rowlandson published an account of her captivity among the Indians. She called the Indians, savages. 

1683 – The first German community was established  in the Colony of Pennsylvania.

1689 – On the Fifteenth day of December, King William’s War began. It ended in 1697. this was also, known as the Nine Years War or the League of Augsburg, was a phase in the larger Anglo French conflict for the colonial domination throughout the world. New France and the Wabanaki Confederacy thwarted New England’s expansion into Acadia by raiding settlements in present day Maine, whose border of New France defined as the Kennebec River in southern Maine. Toward this end, they executed raids against targets in Massachusetts Colony, including present day Maine, starting with the Northeast Coast Campaign.

With his New England militia, Sir William Phips moved in 1690 to take the French strongholds at Port Royal and at Quebec. Having to reckon with Quebec’s formidable natural defenses, its superior number of soldiers and the coming winter, Phips sailed back to Boston with his hungry, smallpox ridden and demoralized force. His failure showed a growing recognition of the need to replicate European combat techniques and war policy in order to achieve military success.

1696 – On the Twenty-second day of December, in 1696, at Godalming, England, James Edward Oglethorpe was born. He was a British soldier, a member of Parliament and the founder of the Province of Georgia. James Edward Oglethorpe died on the Thirtieth day of June, in 1785, at Cranham, Upminister, England.

1701 – Abigail Minis moved to Savannah Georgia. She was married to Abraham Minis. Abigail Minis was a business women, during the American Revolution and one of the first settlers in Georgia.

1701 – William Kidd was born in 1701, was a Scottish privateer who was hanged for being a pirate.

1702 – On the Fifteenth day of December, Queen Anne’s War began. It ended in 1713. In 1702 the Carolina Governor James Moore led an unsuccessful attack on St Augustine, the capital of Spanish Florida, as well as several raiding expeditions that killed much of the Native American population, in 1704 to 1706. Thomas Nairne, the Province of Carolina’s Indian Agent, planned an expedition of British soldiers and their Native American allies to destroy the French Settlement at Mobile, now in Alabama and the Spanish Settlement at Pensacola, now in Florida. The expedition never materialized, but the British did supply their allies with firearms, which the Tallapoosas used in their siege of Pensacola. the English failed to compensate the Tallapoosas adequately and by 1716, the Tallapoosas and other tribes had shifted allegiance and were prepared to strike against South Carolina Settlements.

1703 – Jonathan Edwards was one of the best known Preacher, in the Great Awakening, and the Enlightenment in the State of Massachusetts. 

1706 – Benjamin Franklin was born on the Seventeenth day of January, in 1706. He was a printer, writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat and publisher. He was married to Deborah Read. Benjamin Franklin died on the Seventeenth day of April, in 1790, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1708 – William Pitt, the Elder was born on the fifteenth day of November, in1708. He was the 1st. earl of Chatham and served as Prime Minister. He died on the Eleventh day of May, in 1778.

1709 – A man named John Lawson wrote a book called A new Voyage to Carolina. This book was read all over Europe. It talked about the America, in glowing terms. Many people came to the British American Colonies. 

1716 – John Rolf, Samuel Argall, Sir George Yeardley and Sir Edwin Sandys wrote letters about the labor and tobacco situation.

1722 – On the Twenty-seventh day of September, in 1722, Samuel Adams was born. He was a Massachusetts statesman, Founding Father and second cousin to President John Adams. Samuel Adams died on the Second day of October, in 1803. He was married to Elizabeth Checkley, and then Elizabeth Wells.

1723 – In May or June of 1623, Governor Samuel Argall wrote about the Miserable condition of the Colony of Virginia.

1724 – John Smith assessed the condition of the Virginia Colony, and found it wanting.

1725 – On the Fifth day of February, in 1725, James Otis was a lawyer, member of the Massachusetts Provincial Assembly, and coined the phrase “Taxation Without Representation is Tyranny”. He died on the Twenty-third day of May, in 1783.

1726 – On the Twentieth day of November, in 1726, Oliver Wolcott was born in Litchfield, Connecticut. He was a member of the sons of Liberty, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation and made bullets for the cause. He died on the First day of December, in 1797.

1729 – On the Twenty-ninth day of November, in 1729, Charles Thomson came from Philadelphia. He was the Secretary of the Continental Congress for fifteen years. Charles Thomson designed the Great Seal of the United States. He died on the Sixteenth day of August, in 1824.  

1730 – In 1730, Isaac Sears was born. He was a member of the Sons of Liberty, and was nicknamed King Sears. Isaac Sears died in 1786.

1731 – Alexander McDougall was born in 1731. He was a New England merchant, a member of the Sons of Liberty, and a major general in the American Revolutionary War, in 1777. He died in 1786. 

1731 – Thomas Young was born in 1731 and was a member of the Boston Tea Party; the only one who didn’t wear a disguise. He died in 1777.

1732 – On the Twenty-second day of February, in 1732, George Washington was born. He we the Commanding General, in the American Revolution, and the first President, of the United States of America.

1732 – Richard Henry Lee was an American Statesman and Founding Father from the State of Virginia. He also, was the first to make a motion for independence.

1732 – John Dickinson was born in 1732. He was an attorney, politician and Founding Father, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Wilmington, Delaware.

1732 – Benjamin Edes was born on the Fourteenth day of October, in 1732, and published the Boston Gazette as well as financed the Boston Tea Party. He died on the Eleventh day of December, in 1803.

1733 – Thirteen British Colonies were established on the East Coast of North America.

1733 –  James Oglethorpe, a former army officer, started the Settlement of the State of Georgia to help the poor of London. He made a speech to South Carolina, in the Ninth day of June, in 1733.

1734 –  On the Twenty-first day of December, in 1734, Paul Revere was a silversmith and an active voice for the American Revolution. He was written about in the poem “Paul Revere’s Ride”, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Paul Revere died on the Tenth day of May, in 1818.

1735 – The Georgia Trustees: Rules for 1735.

1735 – John Lamb was from New York. He was a member of the Sons of Liberty and a writer. before the American Revolution. He died in 1800. 

1736 – On the Twenty-ninth day of May, in 1736, Patrick Henry was born. He was a Founding Father, two time governor of Virginia. Patrick Henry gave us the phrase “Give Me Liberty of Give Me Death” at a House of Burgesses meeting.

1737 – On the Twenty-third day of January, in 1737, John Hancock was a statesman and the Second President of the Continental Congress and member of the Sons of Liberty, before the American Revolutionary War. He died on the Eighth day of October, in 1793.

1737 – On the Ninth day of February, in 1737 Thomas Paine was born in Thetford, England. He was an author and Founding Father. 

1738 – The Deposition of Lieutenant George Dunbar.

1738 – Jonathan Boucher was a Reverend, English, clergyman, teacher and preacher. He died in 1804. 

1738 – The Ninth day of December, in 1738, Representation of Freeholders in Georgia to the Trustees.

1739 – The Georgia Trustees Respond the the Freeholders’ Representation, on the Twentieth day of June, in 1739. 

1739 – On the Fifteenth day of December, the War of Jenkin’s Ear, began over Britain’s supplying slaves and goods to the Spanish colonies in North America. The Spanish became suspicious that the British ships were overreaching and began boarding and seizing British ships. The war gained a colorful name from a Spanish threat against the British Captain Robert Jenkins, whose ear was severed when his ship was boarded, he was told to show his ear to Parliament and tell the king of England that the Spanish would do the same to him. The conflicts included a siege of St Augustine, in Florida by Georgian colonists and a counter invasion of Georgia by Spanish forces. The war was largely subsumed by the War of the Austrian Succession, in 1742.

1740 – The Province of Georgia in 1740, for Economic Progress, Indians, and Settlers.

1740 – On the Seventh day of April, in 1740, Haym Solomon was a member of the Sons of Liberty, a wealthy merchant and a financier of the American Revolutionary War. He died on the Sixth day of January, in 1785.

1740 – On the Thirty-first day of July, in 1740, Marinus Willett was a cabinet maker and was a member of the Sons of Liberty. He died on the Twenty-second day of August, in 1830.

1741 – Benedict Arnold was born on the Fourteenth day of January, in 1741, at Norwich, in the Colony of Connecticut. He was a Major General in the American Revolution. He defected to the British side and was found out. He was married to Margaret Mansfield, then Peggy Shippen. Arnold was promised money and rank by the British, but he died in London, England, with nothing.

1741 – On the Eleventh day of June, in 1741, Joseph Warren was the President of the Massachusetts Revolutionary Congress, a Revolutionary War General and a man of medicine. He died on the Seventeenth day of June, in 1775.

1741 – The Georgia Settlers expressed Grievances in 1741.

1742 – The Georgia Trustees Justify their policies, in 1742.

1744 – On the Twenty-second day of November, in 1744, Abigail Smith was born. She was married to President John Adams and his advisor. Abigail Smith Adams was also, the mother of President John Quincy Adams. The second and sixth presidents of the United States of America.

1744 – On the Fifteenth day of December, King George’s War, began The War ended in 1748. the North American phase of the War of Austrian Succession. In 1745, naval and ground forces from Massachusetts in the Siege of Louisbourg captured the strategic French base on Cape Breton Island. During the war, the French made four attempts to regain Acadia by capturing the Capital, Annapolis Royal. The French led the American Indian allies in Numerous raids, such as the destruction of the village of Saratoga, in the State of New York, killing and capturing more than one hundred of its inhabitants. The war merged into the War of Jenkins’ Ear against Spain and ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, under which the French regained the Fortress of Louisbourg.

1745 – John Jay was born on the Twelfth day of December, in 1745, at New York, New York. He was a framer of the Constitution, first chief Justice of the supreme Court, and one of the authors, of the Federalist Papers.

1746 – On the Fourth day of January, in 1746, Benjamin Rush was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and a Founding Father. He died on the Nineteenth day of April, in 1813.

1754 – James Swan was born in Scotland. He was a member of the Sons of Liberty, and died on the Thirty-first day of July, in 1830. 

1754 – On the Fifteenth day of December, the French and Indian War, began. The War ended in about 1763. The final imperial war, the French and Indian war, known as the Seven Years’ War in Europe, proved to be the decisive contest between Britain and France, in America. The war began over competing land claims between Britain and France in what is now western Pennsylvania. The war continued until 1763, when the French signed the Treaty of Paris and essentially forfeited the land of New France, ending their power on the continent. The British Empire had now gained mastery over North America and become a truly global empire. This last of the wars empire, however, also sowed the seeds of trouble. The war led Great Britain deeply into debt, and in the 1760s and 1770s, efforts to deal with the debt through imperial reforms would have the unintended consequence of causing stress and strain that threatened to tear the Empire apart.

1759 – William Pitt, the Younger was born on the Twenty-eighth day of May, in 1759, at Hayes, Bromley, England. He was a statesman and Prime Minister. He died on the Twenty-third day of January, in 1806. There are many places named after the Pitts, in the United State of America.

1768 – On the Twentieth day of May, in 1768, Dolley Todd became the wife of James Madison. He was the fourth President of the United State of America. She served as White House hostess for several presidents. 

1773  – After the Boston Massacre and the repeal of most of the Townshend Duties, a period on relative quiet followed in the North American Colonies of the British. There were still problems between the British and the American Colonies.

1774 – The Americans had begun to gather up arms. 

1775– On the Nineteen day of April, the American Revolutionary War began. The War ended in 1783.